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April 12 Madison's Slightly Myopic Frustration Lens"Rumble, rumble, rumble. Mutiny, mutiny, mutiny." - Stan Freeburg, 1961 The process map is a documentation of the way that things are currently performed. Not the way that they should be performed, but the way that they are. But quite often, when interviewing process workers to find out how the process works, you'll come across some disgruntled responses. How do you handle these people that are not happy with the way things work? Simple, you ask them more. The frustrations of the line workers and those involved in the process can come in many forms. The process analyst needs to be able to sort them out, covet the valuable ones, and throw the rest to the parking lot. The value of the complaint comes in a variety of forms. First, and most obviously, the complaint helps you very easily identify the problem areas. The process steps that receive the most complaints need to receive a heavier weighting when considering which problem to tackle. Secondly, many people will follow a complaint (if properly prodded) with a suggestion for how to rectify the problem. These solutions need to be seriously considered and analyzed to see if they have merit and even if they can be instituted quickly and inexpensively (i.e. low hanging fruit). In addition, complaints can point out systems that don't work, handoffs that are unnecessary, delays that need to be documented, and baseline metrics that need to be collected. The trick is to separate the quality frustrations from the just plain grumpy, bitter complaints. It is important to note that in a traditional, command and control organization, the problems that crop up are all attributed to people problems. The workers are not performing fast enough, the managers aren't good enough, the idea that the problem may be with the process never occurs to them. This blame game is inherently innate in humans, unfortunately, and even in an organization that is moving towards process-centric beliefs, there may still be some blaming going on. It is very important to recognize these grumblings. But don't immediately discount them! Remember that if John's coworkers think he is an idiot, there still may be a possibility that it's John's area of the process or the handoffs in and out of it that need work. Everyone in the organization sees their part of the process, and realistically does not know what John truly does. They naturally equate his steps in the process with him, and if the process breaks down there, it will naturally be his fault. On the flip side, there always is the possibility that John is thick as a post. The lesson is to not discount the grumblings and complaints of the masses, but to look at them with what Dan Madison calls the "frustration lens." While Madison suggests discounting the person-problem complaints, realize that these might just be process step complaints in sheep's clothing. Finally, don't forget to capture the metrics involved with these complaints. What percentage of the time do these things happen? How many errors happen per week? What is the delay that is seen in this step? These baseline measures are critical to gauging the progress and success of your process improvement project. April 06 The Evolution of Quality OrganizationsThe Evolution of Quality Management
In his book “Process Mapping, Process Improvement, and Process Management,” Dan Madison talks about the five stages of evolution for the management of an organization. I can’t stress enough the importance of identifying the type of organization that you are dealing with when trying to map, analyze, or improve a process. Where your company or client lies on this continuum will determine not only the approach that you need to take, but your relative odds of success.
The first and lowest rung on the evolutionary scale is the control and command organization. This management team knows what’s best for the company and it’s team members and it puts in all of the controls and checks and balances to make sure that it’s carried out that way. This work method lacks the trust and most problems in this company are traced back to a person. The blame game runs rampant and people spend their time covering their backs and trying to fly under the radar.
There are many things that these managers need to learn, but first and foremost is that some of their workers have good ideas. Once they realize this and start to even solicit these ideas through the old suggestion box, roundtable discussions, town hall meetings or open door policies, they can move to the next organizational rung. This involvement organization takes advantage of the brainpower of the team. The key is to act upon this input or it will stop very quickly. When moving from a command and control model to an involvement model, management needs to be very supportive, actively demonstrating the new found trust. Team members will be inherently skeptical.
The next evolutionary step comes when management comes to the realization that all problems are not people problems. Once the blaming subsides, management begins to realize that the majority of problems lie in the processes being used. This process management style is the third rung on the ladder. This is the organization that will start utilizing process improvement tools like TQM and Six Sigma.
Turning the next corner, management appreciates the fact that processes are cross-functional in their nature, and therefore, the process improvements must be cross-functional as well. This company creates process teams to address issues and can undertake true process reengineering projects. Reengineering projects can dramatically improve speed, productivity and competitive advantage.
Reengineering and cross-functional process improvement projects lead to next organizational change. In an effort to keep processes and workers from slipping back into their old habits, owners need to be identified for each process. Process ownership provides not only accountability, but increases the cross-functional visibility by changing the metrics that companies use to measure their process and company performance.
The final step provides authority to those process owners to fix processes and to allocate resources. This relies on the cross-functional turf wars to disappear and the organization to act more like a team.
This progression is not a naturally occurring process that happens to all companies. Management and corporate culture has to accept new ideas and new concepts to move from one stage to the next. So where does your company stand?
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Send me feedback!! (p_gimbel@yahoo.com)
Disclaimer: Have you ever seen a movie where the characters were just so way out there that you looked behind you to figure out where in the heck they came from? This is kind of like that. My views came from strange, unknown places, not employers past, present or future or any other human or non-human entity. So stop looking around! March 27 Why study ancient history?In their landmark book "Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution", Hammer and Champy state over and over that Business Process Reengineering involves taking a core business process, throwing it out and starting over. This does not mean improving, or incrementally doing anything. It is a radical change, an overhaul.
So why then all this talk of mapping the current "As-Is" process? Isn't that rather silly and a waste of time? Come on, would I be writing a blog on this stuff if it wasnt necessary? Those who don't study the lessons of history are doomed to do lousy on the final. So what is it that we learn from studying the As-Is process?
First and foremost, we learn the underlying beliefs of the organization. We see the whats of how the process plays out and that allows us to question them and determine the whys. Word to the whys, we need to figure out which of these steps are based on assumptions that are no longer valid. This exercise is the first step in destroying the preconceived notions that will result in a new process that looks just like the old one.
Secondly, mapping the as-is process helps companies understand just how cross-functional their process is, and identifies the groups that need to contribute to the new process. Without considering the entire process, you will get localized optimization at best which could result in an overall process decline, not improvement.
Finally, the as-is proces allows the development of metrics. We've spoken briefly about metrics, but the important aspect of metrics is finding the right ones. By studying the current process, you can see the importance, or lack thereof, of your current metrics. You can see which metrics are simply measuring the efficiency of a single step or two or four, and hopefully identify the true metrics that need to be measured and optimized.
So get cracking on that As-Is map!!!
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Send me feedback!! (p_gimbel@yahoo.com)
Disclaimer: Pot of gold, huh? Well just like the gold market analysts will tell you past performance of this blog is no predictor of future entries. But you can bank on the fact that all opinions are mine, and cannot be credited (credit, get it?) to any employers or lenders past, present or future. March 21 OK, it's not ALL about the processI know that I go on and on about how it's all about the process, but the truth is that there are so many other factors to success when switching to a process-oriented organization. The four major ones are Leadership, Corporate Culture, Organizational Structure and Performance and Incentive Measurement.
For today let's just pick one of those. Eeny Meeny Miney ... OK, Performance and Incentive Measurement.
When you're completely overhauling an organization and changing the underlying beliefs, you can't continue to judge people the way that you did before the change. Current performance measures (what you need to do to keep from getting fired, and how you know how well you're doing) and incentive measurements (how you get promoted, get a raise or get bonuses) are all based on measures that will become obsolete.
Think of the line worker that is being compensated for how many parts per minute they can produce. These people will make as many parts as they can, regardless of whether the parts are needed. This results in overloaded stock and inventory that becomes scrap. These people have no incentive to improve other than through localized optimization.
When improvement turns to complete process analysis and redesign, the incentives must also move to a group and process focus. Cross-functional teams will be formed to handle projects rather than departmental assignments. This means that people need to be encouraged to work together as teams. The rewards need to be team-based, looking at the results and efforts of the team, not the individual.
Additionally, in a redesign environment, people need to be rewarded for making the steps to improve. Some of these attempts may fail, but recognition still needs to be made that the attempt to improve was there. When management punishes for failure, nobody will be willing to risk the failure and all improvement will come to a screeching halt. The corporate environment needs to foster the creative atmosphere required for improvement and the recognition and rewards need to back that up.
Finally, the concept of pay and incentives based on seniority and organizational chart need to fall by the wayside. People need to be compensated based on their skillset, how much they can contribute to the groups and teams within the organization. Remember that teams will be constantly formed and dissolved to address issues and projects that come up. The most valuable employees are going to be the ones that can play as many roles in as many teams as possible. These people need to be compensated appropriately to keep them at the company.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Send me feedback!! (p_gimbel@yahoo.com)
Disclaimer: Ever get the feeling that this column has nothing to do with anyone other than the author? No influence or anything to do with employers past, present, future or characters real or fictitious? Well trust your feelings!
March 14 Flexibility is the keyDealing with automation tools, I see a lot of people with some misconceptions about process automation. People think that just any process can be automated. In most cases, processes can be automated, but simply automating a process is not a guarantee to process improvement. Automating an inherently flawed process, just makes more crap faster.
In his article "Technology-Induced Change and The Line Manager," Dr. Eliot Levinson talks about the four possibilities of process integration with technology. The four possibilities are the four combinations created by having a flexible or rigid technology and a flexible or rigid process. If both the process and the technology are rigid, then they are at loggerheads and will not work. This is a non-implementation, just a plain failure and waste of money.
If the process is rigid, but the technology is flexible, then all you're doing is automating your current process. This is akin to replacing a hand saw with a chainsaw, and never turning the chainsaw on, just sawing back and forth like you did with the hand saw. Automation for automation's sake is not a worthwhile venture. The technology was created for a reason. To take these advances and chuck them out the window to get a 3% efficiency gain is penny-wise and pound foolish.
The flip side to that coin, having a rigid technology and a flexible process is what Dr. Levinson refers to as a Technical Implementation. The reality is that you're letting some programmers somewhere tell you how you're supposed to work. In the vast majority of cases, these programmers have never met you, and they certainly don't understand the needs of your company. Even if they have been there, the odds that they have the insight into how you work are very slim.
The holy grail is the Mutual Adaptation. This is where both facets are flexible and from thence is born a new process that takes advantage of the new features of the technology. This is where the company will receive the maximum benefits from both process and technology implementation.
The key is, don't forget about the importance of the process when you find new tools. Whether that tool is an automation tool, a new 3D CAD system, ERP, CRM, a call center tool or even a new machine tool, don't just install it, implement it by considering the process. February 27 Why bother improving?A lot of companies want to improve or even reengineer (a complete overhaul of their core processes), but they lack the internal motivation to make it a priority. How is it that you can get senior management or anyone outside of your department to pay attention?
Well step one is for you to understand what is important to the company as a whole, then evaluate if your efforts are in line with those strategic goals. Primarily, you need to understand your company's goals. These are determined by senior management and may or may not be known. I would hope that they are, but you never know. Some companies are after growth (at any cost, unfortunately) while others are interested in market dominance, and others are interested in maintaining a good environment for the workers (ok, these are few and far between).
Whether your company focuses on market share, revenues, profits, or growth percentage, the key to all of these is increasing the business coming in the door. And if you can do it at the expense of your competitors, then you're golden. So the primary driver is how to have a key differentiator that will woo clients away from your competitors. Focus on this, then reengineer or improve with this goal in mind.
These differentiators often will focus on increased value-add (provide something that your competitors don't), decreased lead time, decreased price, increased quality/Mean Tme Between Failure or Service, longer lifetime, or even a specific function of the product like reduced weight, increased stiffness, faster process time, etc. The key to all of this is that you need to provide some aspect of the product, or more likely, the buying experience that is so great that everyone will flock to your doorstep. All of this has the same purpose, to expand your grip on the market.
The other method is to increase revenue by capturing NEW markets. Can your product be modified to appeal to new groups of companies or consumers? Can it be tweaked, or can you create new products that will get you into places and clients that previously wouldn't know who you were? This is a great way to increase revenues, profit and growth, but beware. This method is harder than the previous because new markets can mean new types of clients. Your salespeople may be comfortable selling to engineers, but if you now make them sell to IT professionals, it may be akin to leading lambs to the slaughter. You may know your clients and their needs like the back of your, hey, what's that? Um, sorry. But when you get new clients, you need to gain a new understanding and figure out what drives the new market. Plus, if your company's strategy is market dominance, conquering new markets will simply dilute your focus on that market. In short, you may have to master a whole new class of products.
But hey, build a better mousetrap and you'll have dead mice all over the place... or something like that.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: When I was a little boy, I dreamt of a column that was mine, all mine, with no influence from anyone like employers past, present, or future. Not like I had employers past or present when I was a little boy. And not like I dreamt of having a column, but hey, don't let the truth get in the way of a good story. Anyway, this is that column. So there! February 20 Where do your loyalties lie?Last week, we spoke about getting the right metrics. Most managers collect the wrong metrics. Most managers collect what they think they should track because their focus is in the wrong place. Rather than focusing their efforts on improving their department, their process, and their company, they focus on making their boss happy.
I know, you're saying, "But that's my job." No, it isn't. If you think that it is, then you need to talk to your manager. You need to discuss with them what is important to the company. Their compensation plan is not your concern. If there's a gap between what you are compensated on, and what needs to be improved about the company, then you need to renegotiate that contract. Performance-based compensation plans can be renegotiated at anytime. And they should be renegotiated everytime the focus changes due to the company, the marketplace, the climate of the groups around you, and so on.
Figure out what your group needs to do to increase its value to the company. Figure out how to measure that. Figure out how it impacts the bottom line of the company, then renegotiate to get a piece of those profits. If your manager feels that they can't do it, suggest that they renegotiate their own contract. Pay it forward, so to speak. If your manager just plain won't listen, then get a new job because you're working for a loser. Life is too short to work for losers.
Now get out there and keep improving.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Send me feedback!! p_gimbel@yahoo.com
Disclaimer: The content, layout, colors, aromas and sights and sounds of this blog are those of the author only. Except for the smell, that's my son. No credit shall be deemed appropriate for employers past, present and future, because they just don't deserve it! So they can just go ... um, sorry. February 14 Data...Collect 'em all!Data...UH! What it isn't good for, absolutely nothing, say it again! So this week I've been inspired (as opposed to be expired). Not by a book, or an article, or a speech, but by a question posed by Joe Fleischer (sorry I don't have a linlk to anything for him). He asks, "How can we take data and turn it into information?" Unfortunately for Joe, the rest of the article was pretty worthless to me, but that phrase resounded.
Pretty much every system out there collect data, and a lot of managers collect more data. They make pretty graphs and post it on their door (ok, I've been guilty of this). But the data is meaningless unless it's turned into valuable, useful information.
The first point to make is that data on its own, without a baseline, is worthless. If I tell you that I weigh...whoa, not going there...ok, um, let's say that I told you that my call center had 53 calls last week. For my current organization that's a lot because the calls can take an hour or more to address. In a former life, that was a day's work because we had more agents and easier issues. Unless you know how many is normal, you can't make information, it's just data.
The second point is that you need to collect the correct data to make the right information. Let's stick with the call center example. Pretty much every call center tracks call time. What does call time tell you? How efficient your agents are? How effective they are? I say nay nay! An agent that has record low call times may be rushing the client off the phone, not giving them the right answers, giving incomplete answers, or giving a terrible customer experience. On the other hand, the agent with the long call time may be answering many questions in one call, reducing call volume. They may be spending time with the client answering questions that recommend more products for the client to buy, cross-selling. Then again, they might just be clueless. You just don't know.
The final point I want to make today, and yes, there is more on this subject, is that trends are wonderful for trying to predict future performance, it's true. But information can rarely be created from the data of a single variable. If you're trying to optimize the customer experience on your call center, you may need to know when to add a new agent. Do you watch the call volume and make the decision solely based on that? If you do, then you're making a lot of assumptions. You're assuming that the trends are going to continue to go up. Are you looking at large enough of a data set? Are you just seeing a spike due to the time of the year or a new software release? Are you not recognizing that while the current agents are managing the call volume, they're stressed out, not finding the time for education, and putting their resumes on Monster.com?
Data is not Information. Information is what data can be turned into with careful and well thought out analysis. Don't let Crystal Reports spit out what you call information. You need to track a baseline, understand all of the variables in the system and collect the right data...then, young manager, one can become one with your data and information will bloom all around you. (Gimme a break, it's Valentine's Day)
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Send me feedback!! p_gimbel@yahoo.com
Disclaimer: Once upon a time at an employer far far away, a young sherpa formulated his own ideas. His employers past, present and future, were all unaware as they had nothing to do with the sherpa's thoughts, comments and miscellaneous ramblings. I am pleased to tell you that this sherpa is now a world acclaimed writer. And fortunately, all that stuff (except the world-acclaimed part) applies to me too! February 07 Could it be....Satan?Today's topic is an offshoot of innovation. It's something that should be obvious, yet somehow, in today's society, it's not commonplace.
The hardest part of developing innovative products, companies, and environments is typically the initial brainstorming. But the next step is also difficult.
The next step is to examine the merits of the ideas that you came up with. But most people today don't do that. Yes, you heard me right, they don't. They don't look at the MERITS of the ideas, they start trying to shoot holes in them. As with most things that I bring up in this blog it's a subtlety that makes a huge difference. Everyone immediately approaches any idea from the negative side, playing "Devil's Advocate." How many advocates does he need!?!? He's Lord of the Underworld, for Pete's sake. This is all well and good because it does point out the holes in our theories, but it has two main negative consequences.
First and foremost, it stifles creativity and discourages people from thinking outside the box. It's only logical, if you get your ideas beat up, you're going to stop throwing them on the table. No matter how much you tell them not to, people are going to take these as personal attacks. A lot of places will put a ban on comments until all of the ideas are collected. This helps a little, because people aren't getting beat up immediately, but people know what's coming next.
Secondly, by finding holes in a theory (taking the easy way out), you find problems. Great. You already HAVE problems or you wouldn't be brainstorming. In fact, most of the devil's advocates are simply stating "Well you didn't satisfy criteria 17." Real productive, folks. By looking at the positive, you can look at an idea and ask why it WOULD work. In most cases, the answer is going to be that it bypasses a rule, a belief, a tenet that the organization has, and as we discussed earlier, you can then evaluate if that belief is a valid belief. By taking these wacky out-of-the ordinary ideas and running with them, you can identify and debunk the organizational myths that are holding you back. The key is to think creatively and constructively first, then you can be critical.
So go out and support your local zany people! They just might hold the answer you didn't know you were looking for.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: This stream of consiousness flowed completely from within, not from the waters of any other omnipresent sentient bein, nor employer past, present or future, nor any artichoke flamingo toleration promenade. January 30 Change the World...if you CANJanuary 20 A Fair and Balanced Look At The ProcessOne of the biggest challenges with Process Mapping & Analysis is mapping the current "As-Is" process right off the bat. One problem is that everyone at a company assumes that they know how things work. In reality, though, no matter how in-tune with the company you think you are, in almost every case, you don't know what people really do. You may know what they should be doing, but you don't know what they currently do. This means that the people that actually do the work need to provide the input for what they really do.
Another stumbling block is that it is almost impossible for internal people to be fair and objective. Everyone has their own biases and agendas and no matter how hard you fight them, they subconsiously will filter the information. People will not be open and honest in talking to a co-worker with whom they need to work every day. They'll talk themselves up and make themselves sound more important than they really are. Enter the process consultant. As an impartial third-party, it's a lot easier for us to be objective, and with a little work, we can earn the trust of those that we're interviewing and provide tools to encourage open, brutal honesty. Finally, as experienced interviewers, we're able to better sort out the constructive statements from the bull hockey, as Colonel Potter would say.
So the lesson for today, kids, is get an impartial third party to help you do that "As-Is" map. They will illicit input from you and everyone in the group, but they'll be objective enough to provide a clear, accurate map.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul GImbel
Disclaimer: This blog represents my objective, ubiased opinion. No agendas from employers past, present, or future have been considered, subconsiously or otherwise in the making of this blog. And no, the microchip implanted in my head was not turned on either. January 16 Business Rules The WorldAnyone that has ever written a program or developed a process plan or designed just about anything uses rules at the center of it. The problem is that most people don’t realize that they are using rules to develop specifications. OK, let’s start basic with what is a rule.
Business rules describe aspects of a company’s business that must be true for the company to work. (Paraphrased from Tony Morgan’s Business Rules and Information Systems) The concept is that rules govern the conditions that must exist. Every business rule must be true, otherwise there’s a problem. Business rules should be simple and plentiful. From specifics like “every quotation must be approved by an engineer” to more general things like “every deal must benefit the company.”
The idea behind rules is that they are the details that add up to the system. If you’re trying build a house to your local building code, you have a lot of rules. Studs must be no more than 16” apart, for example. But in your building, you also have your own rules. Always use full sheets of sheetrock before cutting. Always use XYZ brand staples. These are sometimes referred to as “rules-of-thumb,” but they are rules nonetheless.
But how many companies know what these rules are? Does anyone have them documented? Does anyone hand them to new hires and say “Here ya go, these are all the rules that you’ll need to get your job done.” Nope. And in their defense, it is a big job, and not an easy job, because a lot of these rules are not all that obvious. Many, on the other hand, are so obvious that nobody thinks to mention them.
Where this all comes out is if you’re trying to build a process, or automate a process. Automation works by allowing an IT system to build a matrix from the rules and solve that matrix with some given inputs.
So get out there and start collecting those rules. Watch this blog for more to come on just how to do that.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter, Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: This blog was presented to you courtesy of the broken brain of the author. No other broken brains were engaged including those of employers past, present, future, or some other dimension of time yet to be discovered.
January 09 A Legend In Your Own MindHow is your customer service? Great, right? Well, I'm here to tell you that it sucks.
Here's the problem that most companies don't realize that they have. What is it that you use to prove that your customer service is first rate? Your call times are short, your customer surveys are positive, your customers give you good testimonials. Big deal. The problem with these methods are that you are measuring the wrong thing. In some cases, call centers measure themselves on throughput, how many calls they can burn through in a day. They measure the amount of time that customers spend on hold. Yes, you're measuring how much you don't suck by minimizing wait time, but that does not equal quality. There are so many more aspects that you don't even know about.
What does good, quality, excellent customer service mean? You don't know. You can't know, because it has nothing to do with you and your measurements. Six Sigma talks about the "Voice Of The Customer." This concept tells you that the quality of your service is measured in the customer's eye. And by getting a small smattering of nice responses, you are barely scratching the surface of the problems. You need to actually ENCOURAGE complaints. Complaints tell you what you are not doing right and give you an opportunity to fix those things and win back your irate or simply dissatisfied customers.
So what should you be measuring? You need to measure what is important to the client. Collect complaints and measure the improvment on those. Call up and interview the customers that leave to a competitor and find out why. Also measure the success of your customer service in terms of up-selling and cross-selling. Clients that are satisfied buy more. How often do your customer service experiences result in follow-up sales. Are they buying more? Are they buying other things from you? This is the definition of success.
Some companies try to measure success in terms of contract renewals. This is only really an accurate measure of success if the client can very easily switch to a competitor. If my cell phone contract expires, and I have to cancel my account, then research competitors, get a new phone, fight to get my number transferred and change my online accounts, I'm going to stick with my current carrier because it's too painful to switch. I may hate my vendor, but it's too hard to change. Once an easy to switch offer comes along, I'm history. In some cases, I don't switch because there may be no competitors in my area. In other cases I renew simply because I like the product. I once worked for a vendor where every client said the same thing, they hate the vendor, but they love the product. The vendor was hugely successful...until a competitor came along that made it easy to switch. Now they're struggling in the marketplace.
Listen to the "Voice of the customer." Ask your customers, not just the happy ones, to talk so that you can hear that voice. The data that you currently capture is minimally important at best. The easy to measure parameters are rarely that valuable ones. Get out there and get the hard ones.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Click here to Send me feedback!!
Disclaimer: Blame me!! Please!! No vendors have been harmed in the writing of this blog. No employers have been consulted, past, present or future. Blame me!! I could use the press ;) January 03 Initative Shminitiative!I resolve to be more lean this year! So sayeth a lot of companies that want to "implement lean initiatives" across the board. From manufacturing to the back office to the front office. The problem is, that to a lot of companies, Lean Initiatives just mean "look for areas of waste and minimize them." And while banishing waste is a big part of Lean, there's a lot more to it.
The problem is simple. A lot of the companies that now have so-called "Lean Initiaves" are companies that want to be lean, because they just want to cut costs. Lean is not about cutting costs. While cost savings definitely do occur, it's not about saving money. The executives at Toyota realized that nobody has ever saved themselves into being a millionaire, when they developed Lean to best serve the client.
The problem with using Lean to cut costs is that Lean is a rather sizable investment to make. If you're not willing to pay for training and hiring a Lean Black Belt, then you're wasting your time and sullying the good name of Lean Manufacturing. Furthermore, you will have to take people offline for days at a time for Value Stream Mapping and Analysis and Kaizen exercises, sacrifice some of your best employees to become Lean experts, and suffer the chaos associated with people changing the way that they work and think on a daily basis.
Most companies are not willing to disrupt their throughput to this extent and they should never embark upon a Lean initative. Any kind of process improvement is going to involve significant time investments in baselining, training, and implementing change. Executives need to view this as any other investment that will pay dividends down the road.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: No lean initatives were harmed in the making of this Blog. All opinions are completely fictitious and any resemblance to those of employers past, present and future are strictly coincidental. December 27 No Holidays HereAh yes, the holidays. Time to slant my blog to draw similarities between the holidays and business process analysis. Well guess what, as my little present to you, I'll spare you the pathetically reaching metaphors and we can get down to hard theory, eh?
Let's talk about documentation of business process. The bottom line is that pictures are not enough. But that's all we're going to talk about today. Ironic, no? The rant I would like to embark upon today concerns the flowcharts, especially mapping business processes, that people create. In a word, they could best be described as complicated. The influx of tools like Visio (which I happen to love) have taught people that there are thousands of symbols out there that can represent anything that you can possibly dream of. Even in the basic flowcharting stencil, Visio has way too many symbols.
"But Paul," you're saying, "Why can't I use all of these obviously standard shapes to convey as much information as I possibly can?" Well the answer, [fill in your name here], is very easy. Your audience for the flowchart is both impatient and unsophisticated. While you may develop these flowcharts for a living, they don't. Therefore, they will be constantly looking for/at the legend trying to find out what a rhombus represents. And more to the point, they will lose interest, not caring what a rhombus represents, then just nod, say "Hmmm" a few times, then walk away without gaining anything from the weeks of work that you are presenting.
Value Stream Mapping is utterly useless...UNLESS the person that is reading the value stream map is Lean Manufacturing trained and has done value maps before. Even then, those that are not full time lean implementers will still have to pause and look for a legend (if there is one) trying to remember if that is a kaizen opportunity, a kanban board or a blueberry muffin.
Remember your audience, and as with any communication, understand that they will only remember three, maybe four things that you tell them. So pick your message carefully, and display it clearly. If you want to show that there are a lot of handoffs, use a swimlane diagram, the lines racing all over, across the lane boundaries do a great job letting people know where all of the potential sources for error exist. If you want them to know that there are a lot of decisions that need to be made, put a lot of diamonds up there.
Now don't get me wrong, there are some shapes that are universal. Square for task, diamond for decision, stop sign for end of process, cylinder for database, but that's about it. If you MUST put a bunch of shapes up there, limit it to five different shapes, and make them representational. An icon of a computer to represent a computer or program input, or a printer for output, for example. But even with these, you have to be careful, they may seem obvious to you, but not to the audience. So ALWAYS have a legend if you use more than the square, stop sign, and diamond.
The bottom line is simply, remember your audience.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: Standard stuff, y'all know the drill, this stuff is mine, no companies past, present or future have been harmed in the making of this blog, nor can they lay claim or blame to my shtuff. So there! December 16 "I believe you have my stapler..."So last week we discussed how you can start with the end in mind and work backwards through a value stream map. We said (I hope) that you can take a deliverable and figure out what information is used/needed to create that, and what's needed to create THAT and so on.
Something interesting happens when you do this, however. If you focus solely on determining the information required for the current step, then you create more of a SHOULD-BE map, then a true AS-IS map. For example, if I determine that this document requires a cost and a margin, that will require determining a cost from purchasing and a margin from the sales manager, that does not indicate that what really happens is that sales performs a search on how much all of our competitors charge and how much we've charged in the past. Because that step does not directly create value for the next step, it can be very easily overlooked.
Another method to map an As-Is process, is to ask and observe those that know. Simply "staple yourself" (Hammer and Champy) to a work unit. Whether that's an order, a new product being developed, an application, whatever, staple yourself to it (figuratively, not literally - see disclaimer) and follow it through the process. Note who it goes to, what they do to it, make copies of any documentation created or referenced, note any system or tool that is used, and note anyone that is contacted in the course of the process. The more hardcore of you might want to bring a clipboard and a stopwatch, but that really makes people nervous.
By doing this document and tool/system collection, you can really watch the information that is generated (99% of it is recorded on a form or into a tool/system if it's not immediately consumed) and when it is consumed. This way you can redesign the process/systems to put the right information where it is needed, when it is needed. You can also identify information that is not consumed, is generated at the wrong place/time, or other wasteful activities. Some people like to create a master form that gets routed (maually or electronically) and everyone fills in their portion. This is fine, except sometimes these can become unweildy and humongous, Gargantua the Mega-form.
However you choose to do it, just remember that you really need to understsand where you are right now before you start mapping your future. Without a good grasp on the present, you will forget or neglect things that need to be in your process. You won't be able to aggressively evaluate everything that you're doing to see if it's obsolete, unnecessary or just plain stupid. And you won't be able to see when people are slipping back into their old habits. So start mapping!
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer - The author shall be deemed harmless and free of responsibility for any incidents involving people stapling themselves. If you staple yourself, you deserve it! And in turn, the author shall take responsibility for all of the viewpoints, witicisms, and other great things in this article. No credit (or blame) should go to employers past/present/future or any other entity, real or fictitious. Unless they're a bunch of snot-nosed kids, in which case, you can hold them liable for anything bad. December 08 Covey's right!!In taking a look at processes, a lot of people simply try to run through in their mind, "OK, what are the steps." But mapping a process is actually more difficult than that. If you just ask someone to sit down and write out what they do, they'll almost always forget things, leave out key details, put things that they SHOULD do, instead of what they do, and so on.
But the key to having a successful process map actually lies in one of Covey's 7 (now 8) Habits, BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND. Start by looking at the end customer of your process, and then consider what the deliverables are to that customer, then work backwards, asking "What information or action is required to generate that step? What are the inputs required to produce that output." This will give you a complete picture of all of the steps REQUIRED to create your deliverable.
One interesting note, though. Value Stream Mapping people like to use this technique. They say that looking at it backwards makes you think more. And it does, just try saying the alphabet backwards and pay attention to how much more concentration it takes to saying (or singing it) forwards. The problem is that what you get out are the steps required to generate the deliverables. You do not get the unnecessary steps, the muda or waste, that Lean Analysis is looking for.
There are eight categories of waste, and three types of waste according to Womack and Jones (Lean Thinking) and among those three are activities that are wasteful and unnecessary. There's a good possibility that these activities will not surface in a reverse analysis. The solution most commonly used is to review the process forwards at the end of the day, but most people just want to agree so that they can go home at this point.
So be careful when you're evaluating and mapping your processes. Make sure that you can account for every minute of your day. A great technique here is to figure out what percentage of your day you spend doing each activiity. This is very helpful because it lets you figure out where to focus your efforts, helps you understand where your waste is, provides valuable metrics, and ensures that you don't leave anything out.
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: This wonderfully created colonial bedroom set of ideas are the results of the mental craftsmanship of Paul Gimbel. Anyone else claiming responsibility "is just itchin' for a fight." December 01 I HATE my new software!!!Of course you hate your new software, it's not what you're used to. And yes, you can get your work done faster the old way.
Wait a minute. Am I in the wrong blog? Are you actually saying that my old software is a better solution!?!?
ABSOLUTELY not. I am simply confirming you current stage of grief. Yes, there are stages of grief in the implementation of a new technology tool, much like there are in any ofther grieving process. We've seen this happen at almost 100% of the companies that we've served, so don't think that you're going to be different. Now the five stages in implementation are different from the Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance Elisabeth Kubler-Ross came up with in 1969, but let's look at some parallels.
DENIAL - At first there are two types of people. We have the thoroughly excited folks that saw the demo, or went through the training and now see the light. They have the vision and they truly believe, for now, that this new tool will revolutionize their jobs. The other group are the grumps that fear the new tool. This can be for a variety of reasons from a simple resistance to change, resentment over not being included in the decision, fear of losing their place in the corporate society pecking order ("I was the XXX expert, now we all know the same"), or a variety of other reasons. NOTICE that all of these reasons were PERSONAL, EMOTIONAL reasons. Externally, they will be in denial, telling people that the tool is not a good fit, it doesn't do what we need it to do, it's not going to work.
ANGER - The anger comes in when the consultant leaves after the implementation. The training is done, now people have to fend for themselves. They're still newbies with the new tool, so when they forget how to do something, or can't figure something out, they get angry. Of course, this anger and frustration is misdirected and people start to hate the tool. In most cases, it's simply a training issue, meaning that further training would resolve it. In other cases it's a setting or a change to the tool that needs to be made. And yes, while you are learning to use the new tool, you WILL be slower than you were before. That's always supposed to be factored into the project.
BARGAINING - "But I can't get this job out to the shop floor in time if I use the new system. Just this once, I'll go back and use the old system, just to get this rush order through, then I'll go back to the new system." Yeah right. That never works for "just one bite of cake" or "only three cookies" so what makes you think it's going to work here? People make these deals with themselves, and when they step away from the new tool, they lose more and more of the training which makes them slower and less and less effective each time they go back to the old way.
DEPRESSION - Depression sets in when people realize that they're never going to be able to use the new tool. Even those that were gung ho at the beginning start to falter and wane in their enthusiasm. Why? Because they find so many "holes" and "bugs" and other things that just make it the wrong tool. In most cases, it's just a training or implementation issue. But since this depression is starting to set in, the users only complain to each other, not even giving the implementer a chance to show that it really CAN do all of the things that they want.
ACCEPTANCE - At the final stage, it's either pass or fail. If the complaints are addressed, and the tool is customized, or a consultant comes in to work with people to help them get through real life issues, then people will be happy with the tool and will pick up the flag and continue growing the tool on their own. If the complaints are not addressed, and the din of groans and whining reaches the top-management, then they will accept the fact that the tool was a failure and they'll pull the plug to cut their losses.
How can you guarantee a passing grade? For starters, get the top management in the company behind the movement. They need to be consistently vocal and active. They need to provide the resources - human, financial and otherwise - to show their support. That will trickle down to your boss, who will make everyone understand how important it is. Secondly, they must let people know that this is how we work now. And "if you don't like it, let me know so I can replace you." It sounds rough I know. But reread this entry and you can see that only one or two people that have PERSONAL issues, can derail an entire department and the entire company. These cancers need to be removed, surgically if necessary. Finally, the users need to voice their concerns to the implementer and GIVE THEM A CHANCE TO ADDRESS THOSE CONCERNS!! The odds are that nobody has brought up this issue yet. The tool can handle it, but the implementer never knew to set it up that way, or to teach you how.
So stop grieving and live!
I remain, as always, your faithful reporter,
Paul Gimbel
Disclaimer: These thoughts and opinions are mine, not my employers' past, present and future; not my dog Scruffy's; not my stuffed bunny Mr. FooFoo's. GOT IT!?!? November 23 It's all about ME! Don't you get it?!!??!Having about 10 years of experience in the software demonstration vocation, I've developed one big pet peeve about presentations and demonstrations in particular. The focus of any presentation MUST be the audience. PERIOD.
Far too many of my peers - and yes, I'll admit I did this at first - will showcase their product, idea, or work in the presentation. The presentation is not about you, your product, or what you did over the last month or over your summer vacation. The presentation is about what all of this means to the audience. The topic is not "My Message" it's "What My Message Will Do For You and How Your Life Will Be So Much More Worth Living Once You Have My Message." Now a little disclaimer here, you might not want to put that on your title slide. Then again, you might, I don't know your audience.
Do YOU know your audience? Software salespeople are fond of using a product demonstration as a way to meet the prospect. Service providers use a presentation to introduce themselves. Now I'm not opinionated, but that is WRONG! If you're just going through your shpiel spitting out facts, features, charts, figures, you're putting them to sleep. You're asking THEM to sort through the detritus to find anything that might be helpful. And then you're throwing so much at them so fast that you don't give them time to think. You need to know your audience and know what's important to them before you walk into that conference room. Then you need to customize your message for them.
NOOOOOOOOOOOOO! The dreaded words, "CUSTOM DEMO!!" No, that's not what I said. I didn't say customize the presentation (although that would be nice). I said customize the MESSAGE. Thi |